The use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) has been one of the available solutions in road maintenance due to cost reduction and preservation of natural resources. On the other hand,by using RAP materials, aged binder in the RAP causes improper performance of the asphalt mixture, including reducing the cracking resistance. Nowadays, rejuvenators are used to improve the performance of asphalt mixtures containing RAP. Iran is one of the active countries in rice cultivation, while 70% of rice bran is unused. This study investigated rice bran oil as a rejuvenator in asphalt mixtures containing 20%, 30%, and 40% RAP materials by dynamic creep test, resilient modulus test, and semicircular bending (SCB) test. The results show that using rice bran oil in asphalt mixtures as a rejuvenator causes a decrease in the flow number, resilient modulus, and fracture toughness values by an average of 31%, 27%, and 13%, respectively, also increase in fracture energy values by an average of 24%. The results show that using rice bran oil improves the performance of asphalt mixtures containing RAP by reducing the viscosity of aged binder in RAP. As a result, implying rice bran oil as a rejuvenator in asphalt mixture due to the using rice waste and low cost and environmentally friendly, can be a good way to enhance asphalt pavement performance.

In this research, we try to analyze the formation of audience in Rap-e-Farsi. But, we focus on the cybernetic aspect of audience’s presence. For this reason, we interviewed with seven rappers, one producer and a manager of one of the most popular rap page in Instagram. This is a qualitative method with the strategy of grounded theory. Then, we coded data and sorted themes by NVivo. Finally, we achieved a map of relations in which audience is as an informed subject, juridical subject, distributive subject, legitimizing subject and creator of informed society. This map defines the process of construction of Rap-e-Farsi audience in cyberspace.

AbstractAmong the seven arts of the world, "music" is known as the first art. Music has become a popular media and cultural commodity in today's world. "Rap" music as a media tool of "hip-hop" subculture is a type of underground music. The problem of the current research is the genealogy of conflicts in Persian rap. In other words, what themes are there in the lyrics of this style of rap? Is this style, as some believe, emerged in order to warm up and introduce rap music, or is there another reason other than making this music attractive, which deserves to be addressed. The present article has tried to observe and analyze 22 pieces of "Dis" and "Dis Back" songs of Persian rap, which is a kind of musical conflict between two artists, and achieve the analysis of their theme networks. The current article finally reached 11 descriptive codes from 204 descriptive codes, which were merged into two comprehensive codes of "difference of insight" and "authoritarianism". Therefore, it can be concluded that the difference of views in the labels, people and their type of rap style including mainstream, underground, political rap and gangsta rap has caused some of these tensions and conflicts. Therefore, it is simplistic to reduce these conflicts only to "authoritarianism".

The rap music, as one of the latest forms of music, has met with considerable success from different segments of the society, especially the youth. Iran has not been an exception to this global trend, and the consumption of this music is common among Iranian youth. This consumption will certainly be accompanied by levels of impact on the lifestyle of the listeners. A review of rap music shows that, despite its low musical value, it has become an important capacity for addressing the most important social issues, including urbanization. The aim of this article the studying of Tehran that consturcted by the farsi rap music. The main question of this research is “, how does the farsi rap music represents Tehran? ”, To answer this question using purposive sampling, 11 songs were selected with the most attrctive for audiences and with the subject of Tehran and trying to use the method of thematic analysis, the most original constucted themes of Tehran is identified in these types of music. The findings show that the main theme of Tehran is constructed as “, Anti-Utopia City”,with features such as economic divide, commodification, sense of presidency, dirty city, Tehran Terra, city of thieves, lawless Tehran.

This article aims to study the Persian Social Rap Music and its impact on the development of the identity of the Iranian youth. In this regards, the nature of Rap music and its history is briefly reviewed and then it is studied as a local- global phenomenon. Afterwards, the sociology of Rap music and its status as a cultural and sub-cultural capital in global system is considered. Finally, the social content of Persian Rap music is reviewed.Research findings showed that the Iranian youth take a dynamic and active approach with modern community issues and despite the restrictions of the system, they actively use music to express their feelings toward social problems.

In recent years, some by-products such as crumb rubber (CR) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) have been used to save money, protect the environment and extend the life of asphalt pavements. Resilient modulus is one of the most important index and property of material for predicting material reaction under repeated or moving load. Also, it is important variable in pavement design methods. In this laboratory research, influence of CR and RAP on indirect tensile strength (ITS) and resilient modulus of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures was investigated. In this research, aggregate gradation #5 (Iran Code #234), ambient crumb rubber (40 mesh), three rubber content (0%, 10% and 20% bitumen weight), four RAP content (0%, 20%, 40% and 60% mix weight) and one penetration grade virgin binder (85/100)was used. The results indicated that, as the RAP content increases, ITS and resilient modulus values decreases and rutting resistance increase while, addition of CR in bitumen of mixtures leads to decrease in ITS and resilient modulus values and increase rutting resistance of mixtures.

In recent years, the use of warm asphalt technology and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been extensively used to reduce the costs of pavement construction, as well as to protect the environment. Nonetheless, concern about moisture susceptibility is an important issue related to warm asphalt mixtures. In this study, we examined the effect of different percentages of RAP on the moisture susceptibility of warm asphalt mixtures containing Zycotherm as a nano-chemical additive. Two types of aggregates including siliceous and calcareous minerals (which have been shown to be have different performance characteristics against moisture damages) were used in the production of warm asphalt mixtures. A total of 48 samples of asphalt mixture containing different percentages (15, 30 and 45 percent) of RAP were evaluated. Indirect tensile strength test (ITS) and Texas boiling test were carried out to investigate the moisture susceptibility of samples. Results demonstrated that addition of RAP to both types of aggregates increased the moisture susceptibility of the mixture. Experiments showed that adding 45 percent of RAP resulted in 19 and 23 percent reduction in TSR for the mixtures containing siliceous and calcareous aggregates, respectively, which was corresponding to 30 and 25 percent stripping of aggregate-asphalt mixtures in siliceous and calcareous aggregates, respectively.

From the perspective of Cultural Studies, in popular culture, dialogue between upper-classes cultures and lower-classes cultures result semantic conflicts and struggles. In this article we have been studied Iranian-Persian rap to recognize the discourses and struggles between discourses in this music. We used LacLau and Mouffe’s discourse analysis and recognized 9 discourses; we also identified moments and master signifiers in each discourse. Although rap music discourse is a marginal discourse in Iran, but in this discourse some (sub-) discourses are mainstream and others are marginalized. Analysis of results showed that the existing struggles between the discourses of Iranian-Persian rap music, is mixed of gender-based, class-based, moral-based, political-based, religious-based, traditional/modern, and more conflicts.

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials, which include aggregate and bitumen, can be used in recycled asphalt mixes and granular base layers. Recycling these materials helps conserve natural resources. It also reduces energy consumption and costs. However, due to the variety of sources as well as insufficient strength, RAP materials without stabilizing additive is not suitable as an alternative to virgin aggregates in granular base layers. Therefore, it is necessary to use a suitable chemical or mechanical stabilization method to use reclaimed asphalt pavement as a base material. In this paper, the properties of RAP materials and aggregates containing different percentages of RAP are reviewed. Then the results of recent studies on the mechanical properties of these materials are presented. The results show that with increasing the percentage of RAP material in mixtures containing RAP, the resilient modulus and the accumulated permanent deformation increase.

Nowadays, "music" is an influential medium and a culturally consumable commodity. Music creates effective and lasting spiritual and psychological effects due to the auditory attractions and psychological incitation. In recent years, "rap" music, as a media instrument of the "hip hop" subculture, has attracted many fans, who act in contradiction with the dominant culture of societies or the relationship between two is comprising tension, and in this sense, it is called "underground music". This type of music tries to excite and attract the most ordinary people of the society with the most street words(slangs). This type of media has different types in its texts and hypertexts and provides different functions for its listeners. This article tries to answer this question: "What are the media functions of Persian underground rap music in the 80s and 90s? With what themes does it promote itself? To get the answer, we used the qualitative method of theme analysis, and the lyrics of the four famous rap singers (UnderGround) in the last 20 years, which were about 92 songs and 6574 words, were coded and analyzed. We conclude that the functional themes of these texts are more about awareness, information, unconscious and conscious transmission of culture, sense of community and social cohesion.